References

Sermorelin references and citations

Every figure in this digest, sourced to a PubMed-indexed study, with DOI and PMID.

About these references

The sermorelin references below are the complete citation set behind this digest. They span the pediatric GH-deficiency efficacy program, the aging GH/IGF-1 studies in older men, the pharmacokinetic and route-comparison work, the physiologic-secretagogue and anti-aging-caution editorials, and the 2025-2026 reviews on GHRH analogues, gray-market product quality, and antidoping. Each carries a DOI and a PubMed (PMID) link. The numbering matches the inline [N] markers used across the research summary, sermorelin side effects in the literature, sermorelin half-life and pharmacokinetics, and the doses used in the research literature.

  1. Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, Steenblock C, Cai R, Sha W, Ghigo E, Hare JM, Bornstein SR, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025.
  2. Thorner M, Rochiccioli P, Colle M, Lanes R, Grunt J, Galazka A, Landy H, Eengrand P, Shah S. Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(3):1189-96.
  3. Corpas E, Harman SM, Pineyro MA, Roberson R, Blackman MR. Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-(1-29) twice daily reverses the decreased GH and insulin-like growth factor-I levels in old men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;75(2):530-535.
  4. Walker RF. Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency? Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(4):307-308. (Mechanism and feedback-preservation framing.)
  5. Wilton P, Chardet Y, Danielson K, Widlund L, Gunnarsson R. Pharmacokinetics of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 and stimulation of growth hormone secretion in healthy subjects after intravenous or intranasal administration. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:10-15.
  6. Blackman MR. Use of growth hormone secretagogues to prevent or treat the effects of aging: not yet ready for prime time. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(9):677-9.
  7. Walker RF. Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency? Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(4):307-308.
  8. Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, Merriam GR, Friedman SD, Craft S, Vitiello MV. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(11):1420-1429. NCT00257712.
  9. Granata R, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025. (2025 synthesis of GHRH-analogue biology.)
  10. Granata R, et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025. (Reference for GHRH-analogue formulation context; lyophilization and reconstitution per USP <797> compounding standards.)
  11. Coutinho LFD, De Oliveira Neves LF, Camilo RP. A new era of doping? Use of peptide and peptide-analog drugs in recreational and professional sport and bodybuilding: a critical review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2026.
  12. Mendias CL, Awan TM. Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic Performance. Sports Med. 2026.
  13. Villegas Meza AD, et al. Injectable Peptides in Sports Medicine: A Structured Narrative Review of Evidence, Safety, and Antidoping Implications. JBJS Rev. 2026.
  14. Hümmelink R, et al. Intranasal administration of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 in children with growth hormone deficiency: effects on growth hormone secretion and growth. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:23-6; discussion 27.
  15. Vance ML, Evans WS, Kaiser DL, et al. The effect of intravenous, subcutaneous, and intranasal GH-RH analog, [Nle27]GHRH(1-29)-NH2, on growth hormone secretion in normal men: dose-response relationships. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1986;40:627-33.
  16. Tauber MT, Pienkowski C, Pigeon P, et al. Growth hormone (GH) profiles in response to continuous subcutaneous infusion of GH-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 in children with GH deficiency. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:28-30; discussion 31.
  17. Blackman MR. Use of growth hormone secretagogues to prevent or treat the effects of aging: not yet ready for prime time. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(9):677-9. (Regulatory and anti-aging-caution context for sermorelin's 2008 commercial withdrawal.)